What is tooth decay?

Cavities are irreparably damaged regions in the teeth’s hard surface, which develop into small openings or holes. Cavities, also known as caries or tooth decay, are caused by a number of reasons, including germs in the mouth, frequent snacking, drinking sugary beverages and a lack of thorough brushing of the teeth.
Tooth decays are one of the most common health issues worldwide. Children, teenagers as well as elderlies are more susceptible to tooth decay. However, tooth decay can affect anyone with teeth, including infants.
Cavities that are not addressed will become larger and damage the deeper layers of the teeth if they are not treated. They may cause a lot of pain and could lead to an infection or tooth loss. The best defence against tooth decay is regular dental appointments and the practice of proper brushing and flossing routines.
What are the types of tooth decays?
Every layer of a tooth can be affected by tooth decay. A cavity in the solid outer layer of the tooth enamel might take up to three years to emerge. Decay moves faster through the middle layer (dentin) to the innermost layer (pulp). The nerve terminals and blood supply of a tooth are found in the pulp. Tooth decay can take several forms, including:
- Smooth surface decay. This cavity removes tooth enamel over time. Brushing, flossing, and dental cleanings can help prevent and even reverse it. This type of tooth decay is very common among people in their twenties.
- Fissure and pit decay. These are cavities that grow on the chewing surface of the tooth. The front side of back teeth can also be affected by this decay. This tooth decay usually begins in adolescence and advances swiftly.
- Root decay. Root decay is more common in older persons whose gums have receded. The tooth’s root is exposed to plaque and acid as a result of gum recession. It’s hard to prevent and treat root decay.
What are the symptoms of tooth decay?
Tooth decays have different signs and symptoms based on their size and location. A person may not experience any symptoms at all when a cavity is at its early stages. As the decay progresses, it may produce symptoms such as:
- Toothaches (may occur spontaneously) with no apparent reason.
- Increase in sensitivity of teeth.
- Pain that ranges from mild to severe while drinking or eating something sweet, cold or hot.
- Teeth with visible pits or holes.
- Presence of staining (brown, black or white) on the surface of teeth.
- Pain when biting down.
How is tooth decay treated?
Treatment is determined by the extent of tooth decay. Consult a doctor or dentist to determine the best treatment for your tooth decay (Doctoroncall). Possible treatments for cavities include:
- Fluoride. If dental decay is detected early enough, fluoride treatments can help to restore the tooth enamel. This is referred to as remineralization. Prescription mouthwash and toothpaste, along with fluoride treatments at a dental clinic, may be required.
- Fillings. When a hole appears in a tooth, the decayed material is drilled out and the hole is filled. Composite resin, silver amalgam and gold may be used in dental fillings.
- Root canal. A root canal is a procedure that relieves discomfort caused by root decay. Endodontists are dentists who specialise in disorders involving the root of a tooth. An endodontist may remove the pulp, which includes nerve endings that produce the pain, during a root canal.
- Extraction of tooth. If a root canal is not possible, your dentist may have to extract (remove) the tooth. A dental implant may be required to replace a missing permanent tooth. Implants prevent teeth from moving and affecting your bite and appearance.